RESUMO
Objective: Reliable and disaggregated population-based data for cholesterol trends are needed to evaluate overall cardiovascular health, assess the effects of nutritional policies and pharmacological interventions, and guide priority setting. This study aimed to examine the trends and differences in serum total cholesterol-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio among U.S. residents by race/ethnicity. Study Design and Setting: Blood lipid measurements, taken from 53,964 noninstitutionalized participants, aged 6 to 80, were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study. We described the distributions of TC/HDL-C ratio across the life span in four distinct cross-sectional surveys during 2005-2008, 2009-2012, 2013-2016, and 2017-2020, and compared the ratio levels by race/ethnicity. Results: Between 2005 and 2020, favorable trends in lipid ratio levels were observed. In youth aged < 20 years, mean TC/HDL-C ratios were 3.17, 3.15, 3.02, and 3.06 in males; and 3.12, 3.13, 3.03, and 3.02 in females from 2005 to 2020. In adults 20 years old and older, mean TC/HDL ratios declined from 4.30 in 2005-2008, to 4.27 in 2009-2012, 4.17 in 2013-2016, to 3.96 in 2017-2020 in males; while mean TC/HDL-C ratios declined from 3.67 in 2005-2008, to 3.66 in 2009-2012, to 3.54 in 2013-2016, to 3.46 in 2017-2020 in females. Overall, non-Hispanic black individuals tended to have lower mean TC/HDL ratio levels than other groups, while Mexican American individuals tended to have higher TC/HDL ratio levels on average. Conclusion: Further research is needed to determine how racial/ethnic differences in cholesterol ratio affect racial/ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease rates.
RESUMO
To study the thickness of interventricular septum (both muscular and membranous parts) of adult Bangladeshi people, fifty postmortem hearts were collected, fixed in 10% formol saline and examined. The thickness of both muscular and membranous parts of the septum was measured. Among fifty hearts, thirty-six were collected from male and fourteen from female cadavers. All hearts were collected from medicolegal cases. The findings were compared between male and female cadavers of our country as well as with the findings of the western countries. The findings suggest that in female, the thickness of both muscular and membranous parts of the septum was less than that of male though there was no significant difference statistically (P>0.05). The findings were compared with the findings of other workers and not so much variation was found. There was no available data regarding the thickness of the membranous part of the septum to compare.